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The Elder Scrolls: Arena is a single-player role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Softworks in March 25, Arena was one of the largest games created at the time of its release, if not the largest. Arena takes place on the continent of Tamriel , complete with wilderness, dungeons, cities and villages in a 6 million square mile play-space for the player, simulating the experience of a full continent.

Although not as popular as the later games, Arena generated a cult following and was successful enough to spawn a popular sequel, Daggerfall. Arena was originally supposed to be a game of gladiatorial combat, hence its name. The player was to take their team of gladiators, and would travel about a fantasy world fighting other teams in their arenas until the player became "grand champion" in the world's capital. Along the way, side-quests and various role-playing aspects were added.

Eventually, these side-quests became more important than the tournament aspects, so the tournament part of the game was discarded, and Arena became a "full-blown RPG.

It sold slowly, but steadily, and despite harsh reviews, general bugginess, and the considerable demands the game made on players' machines, the game became a cult hit. Because all the material had already been printed up with the title "Arena," the game went to market as The Elder Scrolls: Arena. The name turned into being a nickname for the world of Tamriel, since the Empire of Tamriel was so violent. Missing their Christmas deadline, the game was released in the "doldrums" of March , which was considered a bad time to release a game for a small developer like Bethesda.

The misleading packaging further contributed to distributor distaste for the game, leading to an initial distribution of only 3, units. When the game launched it was initially very buggy, being very difficult if not impossible to complete the main quest in the original, non-patched version of the game. Bethesda released a number of patches to fix almost all of the glitches, making the game finish-able and more stable.

In late , Arena was re-released in a special "Deluxe Edition" package, containing the CD-ROM patched to the latest version, a mouse pad with the map of Tamriel printed on it, and the "Codex Scientia"; an in-depth hint book. The 3. Arena had gotten a re-release on September 10th, in a collection with the other four games in the main series.

It is the exact version as the original, yet unlike the downloadable free version, bypasses the DOS menu entirely. A typical dungeon in Arena , the royal offices of Stonekeep. The actual game-world is substantially larger than Morrowind , Oblivion , and Skyrim together.

The game utilizes randomly generated content to generate a massive world, without much effort on the developers' part. A consequence of the random generation is that outside of the 17 designed dungeons, areas are reset on exit. Therefore, it is not possible to 'clear' these dungeons as they will infinitely respawn enemies. It also means that unlike games from Morrowind onward, any loot dropped inside the location will vanish on exit, making carrying capacity even more important than in later games.

The world has hundreds of towns made with actual design, rather than being random, containing businesses with random names examples being "Gold Sword", "Silver Gauntlet", etc. As well as several hundred dungeons, along with 17 specially designed dungeons that are part of the game's main quest.

Due to the enormity of the world, fast travel is essential. Walking to a nearby town could take up to 10 hours of real time, while a far off town in another province could take several days. The game is played from a first-person perspective. Combat is performed by clicking the right mouse button and dragging it across the screen, as if swinging your weapon.

Magic is used by clicking on the magic menu, selecting your spell, and clicking where you want to shoot it. There is also the ability to pickpocket people on the street, or break into a store at night. Arena was one of the first games to have a day and night cycle, with stores closing at night, people getting off the streets, and monsters Orcs , Lizard Men , etc. The actual main quest is completed by finishing all 17 developer-made dungeons and completing the Staff of Chaos , but there are other quests as well.

Asking about rumors in a town will lead to someone telling you about someone in a bar that may need help. These "miscellaneous" quests are very simple, ranging from simple delivery missions to finding an artifact item after going through a dungeon.

Another notable fact about Arena is that it has a tendency to be unforgiving towards newer players. It is easy to die in the starting dungeon, as powerful enemies can be encountered if the player lingers too long. However, this effect slowly withers away as the player becomes more powerful and more aware of the threats that loom everywhere. Still, the bitter years of war had its affect on the populace. The name Tamriel, Elvish for 'Dawn's Beauty', seldom fell from anguished lips and was soon forgotten.

In a place where life and death were different sides of the same coin tossed every day, the people of the known world began calling the land of their sorrow, the Arena Now, years after TIber Septim took control and kept the peace, the land of Arena has a new threat. Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order according to a key selector function. Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order according to a key selector function.

Month in this example. Performs a subsequent ordering of the elements in a sequence in descending order according to a key selector function. Works identically to ThenBy except you set the Descending property to true in the native PowerShell example. Returns a specified number of elements from the start of a sequence.

Evaluation of the sequence stops after that as no further elements are needed. Returns elements from the start of a sequence as long as a specified condition is true. PowerShell does not have an equivalent one-liner to do a TakeWhile , but with the Take-While function created by JaredPar , you could just do this:.

Bypasses elements in a sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements. PowerShell does not have an equivalent one-liner to do a SkipWhile , but with the Skip-While function created by JaredPar , you could just do this:. Often you might project into a new object that is a subset of the original object, essentially discarding unneeded properties. In the illustration, the sequence is transformed to a new sequence with just the DayOfYear property.

If, in the illustration, Select had been used instead of SelectMany , each element of the result would be a list of User objects i. Determines whether any element of a sequence i.

All elements of the sequence need to be evaluated to provide a false result first figure. However, if at any time during evaluating the sequence an element evaluates to true , the sequence evaluation stops at that element second figure.

Of course, if only the last element satisfies the condition, all elements will need to be evaluated and true will be returned. PowerShell does not have an equivalent one-liner to do Any , but there are a variety of suggestions to implement Test-Any in this StackOverflow post.

The key is stopping the pipeline once you make a determination; see the discussion on StackOverflow for details. Determines whether all elements of a sequence satisfy a condition. All elements of the sequence need to be evaluated to provide a true result first figure. However, if at any time during evaluating the sequence an element evaluates to false , the sequence evaluation stops at that element second figure. Of course, if only the last element fails to satisfy the condition, all elements will need to be evaluated and false will be returned.

PowerShell does not have an equivalent one-liner to do All , but this StackOverflow post shows how to implement a Test-All function. Note, however, that that function does not optimizing performance in terms of stopping the pipeline once a determination is made; see comments on Any. Determines whether a sequence contains a specified element.

The sequence may, of course, contain objects of an arbitrary type. In the case of strings, however, note that this method matches against each element in its entirety. Contrast this to the string method Contains that determines whether a string matches against a substring. See the example for All. Determines whether two sequences are equal; specifically, if the two sequences contain the same elements in the same order. When dealing with value types, as in the illustration, the use is intuitive: the lists differ at the third position so a determination has been made that they are different, and no further elements of the sequence need to be evaluated.

Note that if you use reference types, the elements are matched with reference equality ; they need to be the actual, same object, not just objects with all the same property values. This is similar, in that it compares two sequences, but it is order-independent. This example will return true here while the LINQ expression above returned false. Returns distinct elements from a sequence. Note that the sequence does not need to be sorted.

Produces the set union of two sequences. Includes elements in both sequences but without duplication. Produces the set intersection of two sequences. Just those elements that exist in both sequences appear in the result. Produces the set difference of one sequence with a second sequence. Just those elements that exist in the first sequence and do not exist in the second sequence appear in the result.

So, yes! Depending on the operator, it can be rather burdensome to do so. PowerShell is designed to be quick and easy to use, so be sure that you need the performance boost that LINQ can offer and, indeed, make sure that there is a performance boost for your data, and most importantly that the resulting data is correct. As part of your analysis, you may find it useful to have the accompanying wallchart that, for example, shows you at a glance which operators use deferred execution and which use immediate execution.

Click here to download the PDF reference chart. Fortnightly newsletters help sharpen your skills and keep you ahead, with articles, ebooks and opinion to keep you informed. Michael Sorens is passionate about productivity, process, and quality. Besides working at a variety of companies from Fortune firms to Silicon Valley startups, he enjoys spreading the seeds of good design wherever possible, having written over articles , more than a dozen wallcharts , and posted in excess of answers on StackOverflow.

Like what you have read? Connect with Michael on LinkedIn. View all articles by Michael Sorens. Home Development. MethodName arguments. Range 0 , Enumerable ] :: Sum Object [ ]. Enumerable ] :: Sum [ int [ ] ] 0. Enumerable ] :: Where.

GetMethod "OfType". MakeGenericMethod typeof string ;. Month ;. Enumerable ] :: ThenBy. ToString "0. Measure-Expression '[Linq. Count ;. Range 1 , ;. Sum ;. Sum func ;. Average ;. Average func ;.

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Boots 4. Daisy 4. Whiskers 1. Enumerable ] :: Join. Concat words2 ;. DefaultIfEmpty "unknown" ; one. Get-Date -Year -Month 10 -Day 23 ,. Get-Date -Year -Month 12 -Day 3 ,. Get-Date -Year -Month 2 -Day Saturday , February 13 , 4 : 22 : 31 PM.

Saturday , December 3 , 4 : 22 : 31 PM. Monday , October 23 , 4 : 22 : 31 PM. Reverse ;. Range 1 , 10 ;. Take 5 ;. Skip 5 ;. DayOfYear ;. User ;. IsMatch s , ". Contains "e" ;. Contains "dew" ;. SequenceEqual num2 ;. Monday , October 23 , 3 : 38 : 48 PM. Distinct ;. Union numbersB ;. Intersect numbersB ;. Except numbersB ;. Subscribe for more articles Fortnightly newsletters help sharpen your skills and keep you ahead, with articles, ebooks and opinion to keep you informed.

Simple Talk. Rate this article. Michael Sorens Michael Sorens is passionate about productivity, process, and quality. Load comments. Related articles. Tags linq. Name Object [ ]. Enumerable ] :: ThenBy [ Linq.

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